An energy budget is needed to understand endurance. Energy efficiency is as important as mass, power, aero, mu. Spend energy as efficiently as possible to generate speed.

• Comparing Laps

• Scatter Plots

• Everything Shows In Braking

Modeling tires and calculating how fast you can go around a corner is a bunch of 8th grade math.

• Keeping aero parts from hitting the ground

• Unexpected loads and directions

• Stopping oscillation

• Making or buying cables

Doing research, reverse engineering, setting design targets. Additional insight for teams thinking about making the EV transition.

They made a whole host of small changes that were almost imperceptible to the eye but aerodynamically significant. They also gave the car a nose-down rake by lowering the front suspension and raising the rear, both ever-so-slightly. All of the changes made the car significantly safer to drive at high speed. But the Ford Indigo was never going to be driven at high speeds as a show concept car – right?

To manage priorities, ask four questions about every design decision, in this order: 1. Is it legal or illegal? 2. How does the change affect reliability or repeatability? 3. How does the change affect overall vehicle performance over a lap? 4. What are the drivability effects?

Stopwatches, garage beams, thermometers, cameras, chalk, zip ties, yarn, and smartphones.

Simply finding the combination that gives the fastest laptime is missing the point. The point is to understand the size of each effect, and how to engineer each effect to achieve the fastest laptime.

Defining requirements, validating models, on-car tuning, and understanding the root cause of problems. The process of developing and troubleshooting a steering system.

Chassis, mass, and aerodynamic interactions affecting steady-state balance, and the purpose of anti-roll bars.