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Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/620ad78d-3c03-4773-a500-8b650c6cb793/Do+Not+Cross+Plane+ISO+2.JPG Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/c534ffc8-a6b7-45a0-af61-637267f0c434/RM23B+Full+Assembly+Do+Not+Cross+Planes.JPG Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/2a145b60-5c54-409e-b7e1-f42f300e35c6/IMG_5022.JPG Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out The front wing has become part of the suspension. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/12449118-7d06-45aa-8f09-4a013cf13e80/RM23B+Full+Assembly+Front+View+%28Wireframe%29+2.JPG Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out A front wing assembly which slopes up as it moves outwards allows for ground clearance during roll. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/bd4a69e7-b35d-44cc-a041-d70f06b9ea54/IMG_3355.JPG Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/9730bbe3-59d1-4e4c-805d-fb8315c39e00/IMG_8703EDITED.jpg Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out Before the two rods under the wing were added, the rear wing would oscillate whenever the car hit a bump. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/3091b51a-2035-4247-8efd-eb1398ab320b/Pretty+Render.jpg Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/769c4f00-6005-4715-b6f8-159e72006926/GFR+2022.JPG Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out GFR 2022 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/75b4f952-d0a3-4712-9998-a85cea1edacc/Detail+Shot.jpg Articles - Aero Placement And Mounting - Make it stand out An MS21259 stud end with an aluminum turnbuckle to connect to a rod end allows the cable tension to be adjusted in place. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/a-guide-to-fsae-axles monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/2b3a6cd8-a2ad-4b01-9b24-18538a4d5def/Cropped+Header+Image.jpg Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/47ee9c3d-08c4-4eb1-942e-90132b8fcc17/IMG_3688.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/58ddf154-420e-4d78-8a75-cf19ae228f18/D-model-of-the-universal-joint-1-driving-fork-2-bearing-shell-3-needle-bearing.png Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out U-Joint, 1-driving fork, 2-bearing shell, 3-needle bearing, 4-sealing, 5-lock ring, 6-cross, 7-joint bolt, 8-driven fork, by Štefan Hajdu, Ladislav Rolník, Juraj Švoš, via ResearchGate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/6416d785-8a27-48a2-8a08-7b12f0dcfd30/Cardan-joint_DIN808_type-D_w-arrangement_topview_animated.gif Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out U-joints correctly phased and angled to cancel Cardan effect, via Wikimedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/ba62ae98-344b-4b89-8957-a7f80d629c00/Gelenk-welle.jpg Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Rzeppa joint, via Wikimedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/c788ec8e-085d-4e35-9f86-758533989485/FSAE+Tripod.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/6c83eb34-d4f3-4f8c-b12b-bb8590e325fd/FSAE+Halfshaft+Assembly+6+v2.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Sweep suspension to find the 3D max and 3D min distances between housings, along with initial estimates of the 3D misalignment angles. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/2bab1c66-a7f3-4db5-9715-8dfaba653678/FSAE+Halfshaft+Assembly+2.jpg Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/040988ab-ac88-4acc-ab5a-e5c469836bb2/FSAE+Halfshaft+Assembly+4.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/e0784348-4a62-4759-b86d-943f574c2b44/IMG_8718EDITED.jpg Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Differential mount broken by axial force from a halfshaft that was too long. (Note the bearing forced out of it’s housing.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/912dd3f5-e242-459a-974f-024bed183957/dsc00442_1024.jpg Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/37be2a4e-4726-4560-a978-ebea346ac4a7/FSAE+Halfshaft+Assembly+3.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/0b5b81ca-f4e7-4d6d-b18a-b51d15daa17d/FSAE+Halfshaft+Assembly.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/c4e9cadd-38e5-4584-b3ce-0ad141e2009d/IMG_3453.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/75918d1a-e330-45c8-be0b-5abb7c4a1e6a/IMG_2495.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/4ae2b193-1270-4a94-b1a5-77ef5aa4ed53/IMG_3461.JPG Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/95c4ab9e-006f-4777-88f5-c1efb6b06f55/IMG_1804.jpg Articles - A Guide To FSAE Axles - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/5b990019-20d5-4b97-9c36-cca7fc0d7504/FSAE+Halfshaft+Assembly+5.JPG Articles - 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Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/2cc8c7e6-49e2-42df-9e50-752de110b876/thin+only.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/bf8c52d7-e9f9-4794-bb60-98cc9db683ca/Mount+Axes+2.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/7b381c55-154b-4505-8c90-62978f1b72af/I+Beam.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/ea95b998-2d6a-4316-83aa-1d75daec2c38/Offset+Beam.jpg Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/c8b80c12-4e82-4b06-851b-08184b35a0b3/2019+Tubing.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/a72d05d8-2304-41a5-94e8-db55ad632e6c/A.d.Tramontana_Front_Suspension.jpg Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out a.d.Tramontana Front Suspension, via Wikimedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/7e286c18-23cb-472d-ba9a-dfaac9ca23ef/2023+Rules+Tube+Minimums.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/0fdaca42-8754-447e-9c13-204489aae6eb/1600px-WP_20150503_019.jpg Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Efficient minimal control arms, via Wikimedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/e48a4d55-f556-447b-ad2b-8ede85cb9b04/Gm_epsilon_arm.jpg Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Single outboard left, dual inboard right, via Wikimedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/cdcb02bc-3d85-4747-868b-8040f633d665/Suspension_dual_triangle_GFDL_Chane.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Notice the high bending on the lower control arm, via Wikimedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/37824be4-0d67-47b9-bdc9-28d27508db44/Corner+Attachment.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/96ce81ab-7944-429b-99e5-0554c25c5409/Mount+Axes+2.png Articles - Engineering A Lighter Chassis, Part 1 - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/rod-ends-and-spherical-bearings monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/6b4c0bdc-253e-4dfd-874f-440669b74e79/Rod+Ends+And+Top+Hats+BLANK.jpg Articles - Rod Ends and Sphericals: How To - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/f961e61c-e029-4052-afa4-63a47dcc094e/Assembly+2+%28No+Top+Hats%29.JPG Articles - Rod Ends and Sphericals: How To - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/2db53dbc-a3af-4a0d-8851-0ef44e55a94b/Assembly+2+%28With+Top+Hats%29+Cross+Section+Annotated.JPG Articles - Rod Ends and Sphericals: How To - Make it stand out Misalignment limited by a narrow mount that is only as wide as the spherical ball. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1d10c75a-3d37-4457-8212-8442341d21cb/Assembly+1+%28With+Top+Hats%29.JPG Articles - Rod Ends and Sphericals: How To - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/a5c0bfca-4a03-4323-8d6c-ab99cce977d8/Assembly+1+%28With+Top+Hats%29+Cross+Section+Annotated.JPG Articles - Rod Ends and Sphericals: How To - Make it stand out Correctly engineered, top hat bushings allow the maximum rated misalignment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/75694d3d-fe62-4722-bf25-dcf6d0b8baba/Assembly+3+%28With+High+Misalignment%29.JPG Articles - Rod Ends and Sphericals: How To - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/d02b328c-54d1-4b87-acae-1bbfc9b772de/Assembly+3+%28With+High+Misalignment%29+Annotated.JPG Articles - 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Porsche GT3 Fuel Tank by Bill Abbott, via Wikimedia Commons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/cb761846-1bcb-4335-a1d9-b0863911bd2a/2560px-Brake_specific_fuel_consumption.svg.png Articles - Fuel Tank and Battery Pack Sizing - The contour lines on the graph show BSFC in g/(kW h) for varying engine speeds and loads. Example BSCF by Steffen Digeser, Mario Erdmann, Franz-Paul Gulde, Thomas Mühleisen, Joachim Schommers, Roland Tatzel, via Wikimedia Commons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/68bb5aaf-8381-4372-a43a-f0de861b83c2/MAP+VS+RPM.PNG Articles - Fuel Tank and Battery Pack Sizing - Make it stand out Engine Load Vs Engine Speed Data Taken From a Single Lap on a GT3 Racecar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/c33bca92-2bae-40c0-87c1-11acdae9fd0e/a-Motor-efficiency-map-b-Inverter-efficiency-map.png Articles - Fuel Tank and Battery Pack Sizing - Make it stand out Energy Consumption and Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Electric City Buses with Multispeed Gearboxes - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/06a2b5cc-eb76-449f-ad8e-b0a13f0b30e0/Motor-efficiency-map.png Articles - Fuel Tank and Battery Pack Sizing - Make it stand out Architecture Optimization of Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Future High-Efficiency Engine - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/competitive-intelligence monthly 0.5 2025-08-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628631849309-XX53D90JQKFUWRITSIWU/Photographer_%2848010186141%29_%28cropped%29.jpg Articles - Competitive Intelligence - Make it stand out Zach Catanzareti Photo, via Wikimedia Commons https://www.designjudges.com/articles/the-indigo-story monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1632323284623-7ZHI1T85WEONF48ZE1CV/Image009.png Articles - The Indigo Story Indigo show car — not running but capable of quick conversion with a powertrain — as the centerpiece of Ford’s 1996 Detroit Auto Show display. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091510667-R72M5PAJDSK1NC3CX6GB/Indigo+2.png Articles - The Indigo Story V12 engine initial mate to Indigo main bulkhead with underbody tray. Small-diameter multi-plate clutch can be seen attached to the crankshaft. Transmission and rear suspension not yet installed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091034383-LCPZ50V4282R6N9BXKDO/Indigo+5.png Articles - The Indigo Story A great shot that shows the Indigo’s unique fabricated exhaust headers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614090944408-HR9YK48D5LY8SV5UR4FF/Indigo+4.png Articles - The Indigo Story Tim Brooks in the “go car” with a Ford RCON (Research CONsole, made by Loral Aerospace) for programming the two Ford EEC-IV engine controller computers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091609054-2OVUGYMGCLDL5O2WSXFI/Indigo+6.png Articles - The Indigo Story https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091287780-H5TQPG3DT8FUQXPIA5DL/Indigo+9.png Articles - The Indigo Story Indigo rolling out for the first track test. John Piper in the green jacket just behind the vehicle, Andy Wallace at the wheel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091364329-4X4MM38J2Q6F9VAZ0F1S/Indigo+7.png Articles - The Indigo Story https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091725864-J6CFDJC6ASIAGV04EI3X/Indigo+8.png Articles - The Indigo Story https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091419527-FFB03KQXYJ8SW80B0JGW/Indigo+3.png Articles - The Indigo Story Running chassis “go car” coming together with side pods, cooling radiators, transmission, suspension and brakes installed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1632180268659-WX95H55GLAZAM7C92TN7/Untitled.png Articles - The Indigo Story https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1614091100651-Z39AG2PQC1RX2DA3MMHC/Indigo+11.png Articles - The Indigo Story https://www.designjudges.com/articles/guide-to-2022-frame-rule-changes monthly 0.5 2026-01-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628351660527-OP3UWZLGNQ3DNYD71GE4/Standard+Honeycomb.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628528085540-HBGG6SYGHRP31L5LMZ8H/Head+Restraint.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628374443597-Y99KQI42RVSS25TU5EZA/Load+Paths.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/223c0ce7-d743-46fc-8825-409699ca45ca/30kN+Test.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628375832490-VQ4XLPBC4XCYK7PDQMEC/Max+2.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/e6514476-d050-4f9e-b173-53ac02fa872f/Hole+Pattern.jpg Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628377811096-LIET9MI3UR0HUNYRSISY/75-1.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628377929617-HNGTNUIQ7DWGRQ5053K5/75-2.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628378142258-PFKJQDZO3SGKKSRLVZ6Z/75-3.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1628379217350-AQGF9O0ZD8H0I29GCW01/Multi.png Articles - Guide To 2022 FSAE Frame Rule Changes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/overall-vehicle-priorities monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617475265905-6OUU32UW36WSXEW4VQ6M/Fig1.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 1. Understanding, analyzing, simulating, and testing for the real competition is essential to doing well in the limited attempts you have at each event in the competition. If you have, you should be able to figure out what the shapes and colors represent in this figure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617475294604-8Y96K9K7NPQMWL709FLP/Fig2.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 2. Frame (AKA chassis) tube names and size requirements from the 2021 FSAE rules as an example. Warning! The rules might have changed since this was posted, so see this as an example and not as a definition of the rules. Sometimes making your own diagrams, such as this can help you understand and check your designs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1616175641827-ZN5UHV47V3D6OJRJ962F/Figure+3+Broken+Yokes.png Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 3. Above are only a few of the broken yokes from an SAE team during one competition. The initial issue presented itself during testing, but the team believed it was due to a bolt not having adequate positive locking. The assembly was put back together with slightly more care, but the uprights failed during early events in the competition. As a result, the team gusseted the uprights to increase their strength. Then the yokes started breaking. The root cause was too high of an operating angle for the yokes resulting in interference as they rotated. Travel limiting straps immediately fixed the problem, but we didn't figure that out until after breaking again in endurance. This is an example where a failure in one component can result from a poor design of a different component and how an inability to properly investigate the root cause—the first time—resulted in a much larger loss in time and performance in the competition. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617481238950-1Z2QIJZRSNR25FJ2Q2BC/EQ+Tire+Mu.png Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1618334871410-GVAC6LIT11RTVPV2U79D/Fig4.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 4. Lateral and longitudinal acceleration versus speed and the progression around the performance envelope. (1 to 2) full throttle acceleration from a standstill to top speed and arriving at the braking point (2 to 2’) instantaneous full throttle to maximum braking without changing speed (2 to 3) decelerating, blended braking and turning in until reaching the minimum speed apex (3 to 4) blended cornering and acceleration out of the corner until reaching the straight (4 to 5) accelerating to top speed (between 4 and 5 it overlaps with the previous line, but I separated them for clarity). At low speeds, this grip ellipse in the acceleration plane is governed by the grip of your tires. At high speeds this envelope can begin to grow if you have aerodynamic elements that can generate downforce. The slope at the front of the graph begins at the transition from traction limited acceleration to propulsion limited acceleration and is a function of engine, power, drag coefficient, and rolling resistance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617475369998-QWKOYTSJ41OLJM78UOTY/Fig5.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 5. Left) Maximum tire μ as a function of downforce (black line, left axis). Right) Slip angle at the maximum tire μ as a function of downforce (blue line, right axis). The max tire μ decreases with downforce and is the reason for reducing load transfer. The decreased grip is for a 400 lbf vehicle going from having forces evenly distributed on four wheels to having all the weight on two wheels as would happen in a very hard turn. Credit to the Formula SAE Tire Test Consortium (FSAE TTC) and the Calspan Tire Research Facility (TIRF) for the data in this figure. Keep in mind the values from these tests over predict the grip by as much as 50% due to the differences in the test surface and the actual Formula SAE road surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617475397186-V27AI19X6KB6EGKS3U9D/Fig6.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 6. I applaud students trying new things—when you are in school is a good time to do it. Our Baja team decided to add some holes to lighten their A-arms between two competitions and it resulted in a failure of the part. If our primary objective was to win the competition, this was probably not the wisest choice as there was little change in the total mass—especially after the holes filled with mud. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617481282644-8NPOC5QGYRTIVVW383RE/EQ+Power.png Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617475414837-MUVJFLV7O47VJCY1WL2S/Fig7.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 7. Traction limited acceleration (dark blue, left axis), propulsion limited acceleration (light blue, left axis), power consumed by rolling resistance (black line, right axis), and drag (gray, right axis) as a function of velocity for a vehicle on the scale of a Formula SAE vehicle. The vehicle is limited by traction up to ~30 MPH, by propulsion above ~30 MPH, and with ~60 hp, reaches a top speed ~90 MPH (red circle). All of these depend on your vehicle parameters; do not assume these are right for you. Deviations from the propulsion limited acceleration will be present whenever the engine is not at an RPM corresponding to maximum power due to using a set of fixed gears between the engine and wheels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617481305743-CNS71CULJTV08ZBIHV5Z/EQ+Aero.png Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1618328968762-IOAAPTXRGV1FYHVTXLI4/Fig8.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 8. Relative lap time (black, left axis) and lift to drag ratio (blue, right axis) as a function of lift coefficient relative to optimum value. You can generate this data analytically and experimentally and can use it to also understand the effect and interactions of each aerodynamic element added to the vehicle. This is similar to the analysis done in Katz and Dykstra, Effect of Wing/Body Interaction on the Aerodynamics of Two Generic Racing Cars, SAE Technical Paper 920349, 1992, but hopefully it won’t be generic in your case. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1618334925689-7DGYWL7MH3FSY4OOMBQ6/Fig9.jpg Articles - Overall Vehicle Priorities Figure 9. Left) Forces and angles for a bicycle model of a vehicle showing the velocity of the CG, vehicle slip angle (β, red), steering input to front tire (δ, orange), yaw moment (blue), and lateral forces on the tires (green). The lateral forces are a function of their slip angles (angle between the velocity of the tire and the direction they point) which are a function of the steering input, vehicle slip angle, and yaw velocity. Right) Yaw acceleration as a function of lateral acceleration showing the performance envelope (thin black line), the grip represented by the maximum lateral acceleration (green arrow), balance representing the oversteer/understeer nature of the vehicle (blue arrow, oversteer in this situation as it is yawing clockwise at the maximum lateral acceleration to the right), the control (orange) representing the amount of yaw resulting from the driver adding steering input, stability (red) representing the restoring yaw acceleration when the vehicle centerline is angled away from the velocity vector of the CG. Inset) Changes in balance (decreased, more understeer), control (decreased), and stability (increased) when increasing the LLTD (more load transfer and reduced grip on the front axle of the vehicle). https://www.designjudges.com/articles/strong-stiff-light-structures monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617027962531-XUQHILXGPT8DQI7I5XYS/Fig1.jpg Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617028092650-AI2KEJFWYP0MKDJTIA3S/Fig+2+Small.jpg Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617028110938-V3CLZBKE2Q3N6THBUXLL/Fig3.jpg Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617283651630-VJP7YISK2NXLGGME9COD/Fig+4+Small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617028244927-BQDVCHKF49839ZDG4EHO/Fig5.jpg Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617028372909-0AN1RKVKQ3W5D195SDTG/Fig+6+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617028961127-XSN3QHWSEWMTF385R1EU/Fig+7+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617028981137-D2PIJZNKOXUIAKCLCV0O/Fig+8+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029002354-USSQZ25Z9C9AMHCM2EWK/Fig+9+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029017664-QC6PP1BS6GASCSAWHF5S/Fig+10+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1622573592615-82QUN8NJRWNQPVUHPVVG/Fig11.jpg Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029049620-JYW1B36FEP6TKVBMZ1T7/Fig+12+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029064329-X8A0AIGSEZOIDA90XK1E/Fig+13+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029080394-5SP5ARPD8MRCMNT49CFZ/Fig+14+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029098699-A0FQUI68KLGSBCP5S22H/Fig+15+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029114172-YTWRVVUS7KMWKQGE61WM/Fig+16+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029127928-TDHJGD37VQ5V2FJWDU9Z/Fig+17+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1617029141984-X2TK6XCRPS6NJGSQZW1F/Fig+18+small.png Articles - Design Of Strong, Stiff, And Light Structures And Joints https://www.designjudges.com/articles/the-origins-of-aston-martins-v12 monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615750343608-JO1Y7K28VQCBSL3A91WP/DB7+underhood.png Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 The first V12 DB7. The car was an I6 fitted with the V12 and Borg Warner (now Tremec) T56. Vantage improvements were not fitted to this chassis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615750523449-3LT03F0P2M7P0G0DI77G/V12+Block+%231+-+team_cropped.png Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 The original 'Three Guys' (Bernard Ibrahim, second left, the author in the striped shirt and Don Nowland, fourth left) with Chris Zucker, Luis Cattani and John Hahn, without whom we wouldn't have been able to accomplish what we did. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615750607242-8VAQILV7WZ6PCMG9FST8/Memo+1.png Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 The memo to Jim Clarke that started it all. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615751038912-48T211MGS8A7R9EDYTD9/V12+engine+%231.png Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 The author with engine No. 1, for Indigo. No. 2 - for first DB7 - is visible in the rear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615750970961-STCKEKH4SYSJH77OABKH/First+Engine.jpg Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 Engine No. 1 nearly complete at Uni Boring. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615751833132-IGRG89131GBC59MGD1KF/First+Block+-+1.jpg Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 Cylinder block No. 1. Due to time, this was done on an open setup. CNC-machined parts had to wait until later. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615750793847-T4EMYOF8AVDOI87ECVTI/Indigo+at+NAIAS+1996.jpg Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 Indigo engine… almost. Actually, the display engine was a DB7 unit with Indigo exhaust and Ford nameplate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1615750886333-O7EG46IAOQR09FV576OX/I6+DB7.png Articles - The Origins Of Aston Martin’s V12 The author next to an I6 DB7 at Bloxham - his first time in an Aston Martin. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/an-introduction-to-cost-in-engineering monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1609895230576-M7T62R9AC08FQNOG1SQM/Hoodie.PNG Articles - An Introduction to Cost in Engineering Figure 1 Example of differences between two hoodies https://www.designjudges.com/articles/notes-on-anthropometry monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1605559876645-KMMUHB8OQ0JJ37DAF4A7/amvo_midmale_screencapture.png Articles - Notes On Anthropometry Via the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute They note the pelvis is too high in the above drawing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1605571218609-H6EZQP48SD9Q225FNO4C/image002.png Articles - Notes On Anthropometry https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1605571239590-CRI7OFYXJT5X4NUJM0U9/image003.png Articles - Notes On Anthropometry https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1605558818622-COMN82CYO0JHJIB1U3O6/Percy+And+Priscilla.png Articles - Notes On Anthropometry Orange: Very good correlation with helmet rules template. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/restrictors-and-plenums-and-sometimes-turbos monthly 0.5 2023-06-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/8037cad8-d603-413b-8e9a-ae9d7519d919/faceless+engineer.jpg Articles - Restrictors And Plenums And Sometimes Turbos - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/a-field-guide-to-the-design-event monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://www.designjudges.com/articles/writing-the-design-report monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1601749608012-KICZ2RI61DCV5G0O0L4M/MuSweeps_Accel-FDR.jpg Articles - Writing the Design Report https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1601749642541-DVBWV54F0IBGVXSO617M/FH+Energy.png Articles - Writing the Design Report Early Energy Estimates for the Formula Hybrid Endurance Event https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1601750081941-0GKPIW4TYOBVE9RIUKUS/Top+View Articles - Writing the Design Report https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1601750096112-BM2XY8X7MDMYXDHSNCQ0/Front+View Articles - Writing the Design Report https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1601750111839-KXE4KBFVAIKMQ0U5MOOX/Side+View Articles - Writing the Design Report https://www.designjudges.com/articles/dynamic-valve-event-optimization monthly 0.5 2025-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600732954012-Z3F8QYY3OM94AW2KBI9C/Tiny+Change+Adds+2000rpm.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization The black trace managed to control a valvetrain at a maximum speed 2000rpm higher than the blue trace. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600544785727-WFWXW6XII2SEF75HEZ6S/High+Speed.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600540087954-HT1AJF93OL4KJCJ6IALQ/What+Is+A+Cam+Design+Layout+Vs+Valve+Events.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600540275472-HGM3KL9GFHQBE62T4D8F/Advertised+Duration+vs+0.050+Lift.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Advertised duration vs. duration at 0.075” valve lift https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600540546348-TZDGLYWWYODHGVSXIWES/Later+Exhaust+Opening.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600540744600-B29UV0T9PMEBCDYHLS0S/Overlap.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Overlap at 0.000” Lift https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600541313753-KZ1BZXBSIUK5K99E16GH/Intake+Closing.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600541528931-2G24U27B6X7FI4H1ZRLJ/Velocity.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600541599502-H1RDLJASM5P3H5IB1AEE/Acceleration.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600541667503-UVOCD4LAVK7CSXMAZLEV/Jerk.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600541973624-WAY51Y3OTCCDTZY2XO8O/Faster+Exhaust+Opening.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600542401080-7DUZUS80CBUYIQYH6LVB/Camshaft+Profile+Design+Techniques.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Camshaft Profile Design Techniques https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600542791324-S610YJNRIT9O93GTH0N3/Top+Fuel+Exhaust+Lift+Error.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Note the max deformation was 20 degrees after Exhaust Opening on the lift error plot of this used Top Fuel camshaft https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600542939920-C6VHJVEM88JU7JRQ362J/Spintron+Lift.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Blue is geometric design of valve movement, red is actual measured valve movement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600545127051-ZIS47LX5JG7S19K0QLS4/Pro+Stock+Spring+Change.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600543218106-W46XQ8FKJR2JQ736DWS6/Dynamic+Valve+Simulation.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization The black line is the intended geometry.The simulated red line, from left to right, show delay as the system winds up, pole vaulting off the surface, crashing back into the nose, bounces off again, then crashes and compresses on closing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600543271862-XNA7U3NWEAM4DQG8YSQ5/Spring+Force+Measurement.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Strain gauge on a spring gives force. Force also gives spring position. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600543417054-99V88JWK2AI1KE9E1BE8/Pushrod+Forces.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600545685015-XTGO0N364QHEDOTDTACS/Lift+vs+Speed.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization These laser measurements show really good valvetrain control. Pole vaulting over the nose starts at around 6500rpm, crashing on top of the nose is at its highest at 9000rpm, and the maximum lift is consistent from 9500 to 10750rpm. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600545699760-CCC5MZJ3WA1X0AOHRGT7/Same+Lobe+Different+Core+10500rpm.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Same lobe, 60mm core (red) vs 70mm thick-wall core (blue) at 10500rpm. Even though they looked similar in the laser bounce graph above, the blue trace has a ton more area around a half inch of lift. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600545010689-0PMOWMA6KLQ6H7QJC9KG/Barrel+Deflection.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600545921414-JDSZJPJ3O0GMEX9PSGS7/Cam+Speed+Measurement.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization To make any improvement, first you have to be able to take measurements. High speed 7200point encoder on the front of a Pro Stock camshaft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600553085635-UQHZD8KU6F3O8JU7JLKZ/Top+Fuel+Camshaft+RPM.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization First we have to make sure the data repeats. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600553151585-0UNITC49VEUTHIMPAE3F/Top+Fuel+Camshaft+Zoom.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600737900289-BMK3VGYESBV05CJXSTBP/Cam+Damper+Added.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Yellow: Pendulum camshaft damper added. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600738019686-Y5E9FM1AGOVWP96LQ1IH/Pendulum+Damper+Pro+Stock+vs+Undamped.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Yellow: Pendulum damper added, much better. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1600553263553-WQ91T4GIS2M670GUXHK8/DFV+Cam+Damper.png Articles - Dynamic Valve Event Optimization Costowrth DFV Cam Plate Finger https://www.designjudges.com/articles/brake-bias-and-stability monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/ce65a414-52b9-4b58-a895-20b03c867a01/Jimmy_Murphy_vainqueur_du_GP_de_l%27A.C.F._1921_au_Mans%2C_sur_Duesenberg.jpg Articles - Brake Bias And Stability - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1595513539769-6826O4K1N4KRUDV7EEIP/Trail+Braking.png Articles - Brake Bias And Stability https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1603578261254-YZP7MG4HZTN0V1VV3UGL/Jacking_and_tuck-under_generated_by_sideways_force_in_swing_axle_suspensions.png Articles - Brake Bias And Stability Infamous rear camber under braking, Wikimedia https://www.designjudges.com/articles/low-cost-data-acquisition monthly 0.5 2025-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288355725-AVJGU352X32WYAVRKO3Z/Stopwatch_01_fig01.png Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288397815-5HDP1JP6V71SZX8IQHQ1/Thermometer_01_fig02.jpg Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition Some thermometers have external probes that can be used to measure fluid temperatures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288430082-DRT103AZH7O8CQPFDFLP/Imager_01_fig03.png Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition Aiming an action camera at a sensor readout or the screen of an imaging tool can help quantify vehicle attributes during a test run. If you decide to do this, make sure the imager is securely mounted! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288488404-XWYCA5OJ746KVOB0WXW2/Chalk_01_fig04.jpg Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition Chalking the tires can indicate tire flex by looking at where the chalk is scrubbed off by the ground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288529913-9X345FVNH9RH65LWDR2E/Ziptie_01_fig05.jpg Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition A zip-tie around all four dampers shaft can indicate a variety of attributes related to suspension motion. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288590964-EEJFLIJKRY0O7EL62SDI/Tuft_01_fig06.png Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition Tuft testing can help visualize flow at various vehicle speeds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288643958-N3XUHEVV3KSDO345QW6E/CarBack_01_fig07.png Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition What does this photo tell you about the driver’s actions and the car’s trajectory? Photo courtesy of Harry Quackenboss https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1598288802080-ULEJ1PGBWFR7PZDRFUZH/Clapper.png Articles - Low-Cost Data Acquisition https://www.designjudges.com/articles/cockpit-control-forces monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1596671522076-97TRFOKCC9MP07OA7HTV/Steering+Wheel+Driver+Hold.png Articles - Cockpit Control Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1596671918598-0RNVQMRWM6QFLMRS7T18/U-Joint.png Articles - Cockpit Control Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1596672401122-KE9LX4U082XT16C32VT0/Steering+Column+Plug.png Articles - Cockpit Control Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1596675219788-SXVWAP2D7YGBTH3DAJI9/Carbon+Steering+Wheel.png Articles - Cockpit Control Forces https://www.designjudges.com/articles/contact-impact-fire monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1596474069389-XVE8PV5RPXXBLG8FIE5G/e7d558f4cd6b6ad12f291171cf400967.jpg Articles - Contact! Impact! Fire! Figure 1: Results of ignition of 30 gallons of gasoline on 2nd lap of 1968 French Grand Prix. Driver Jo Schlesser was killed by this fire. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/setting-winning-priorities monthly 0.5 2025-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/43cc7fce-0b67-4e2f-b4c2-4d6ca0b0121a/kraft+checkered.jpg Articles - Setting Winning Priorities - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1595952057190-OPT3SX2W77D16Y0B7XWY/flowchart_1.png Articles - Setting Winning Priorities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1595952119767-203E7SX8UYC3S746T6J0/flowchart_2.png Articles - Setting Winning Priorities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1595952221583-ECAOKZGM9ZSO3W4GEX5X/flowchart_3.png Articles - Setting Winning Priorities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1595952277007-AA3X5HV9NMYQSAPVIKBQ/flowchart_4.png Articles - Setting Winning Priorities https://www.designjudges.com/articles/adding-aero-justifying-aero monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/4158dbd9-ca3d-4722-9e16-e6380cbfb33d/going_back_to_cali.jpg Articles - Adding Aero, Justifying Aero - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/coarse-to-fine-design monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1591986521441-D2EPZ29EA5DPHYA93SG6/576px-ChainsawartinBrienz.JPG Articles - Coarse-To-Fine Design Image via Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1591972569388-30LNN7YQEN61CP359QAO/Coarse+To+Fine+Hierarchy.png Articles - Coarse-To-Fine Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1591972916222-NBUG078J69UBOGYVC9RO/Statistical+FWD+Mass+Prediction.png Articles - Coarse-To-Fine Design Predicting total vehicle mass with reasonable confidence base on only the statistical influence of basic measurements. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1591972987095-P2AG5HH8A4VUEA7JW8O3/Check+Requirements+Against+Existing+Examples.png Articles - Coarse-To-Fine Design Check performance requirements against existing examples. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1591973101948-7CGNXBZ8L6M18JJ8RK5A/Outlier+Against+Existing+Examples.png Articles - Coarse-To-Fine Design Requirements that are at or beyond the extremes of existing examples might be unworkable. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/used-engine-reliability monthly 0.5 2023-06-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/6b72e8a2-b268-4994-acb7-f672f5e854fc/IMG_0046.JPG Articles - Used Engine Reliability - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/four-ways-to-use-data monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/c9d33c44-d1cc-4f1d-88d5-54d5fd14c0a5/Motec+i2+Pro+Understeer+Gradient+Yaw+Acceleration.png Articles - Four Ways To Use Data - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590426917927-X6CBIBFNVMGPB9DAB910/IMG_4232.jpg Articles - Four Ways To Use Data Calculating steering torque from tire data and steering geometry is easy enough, but what about the out-of-plane loading on the steering wheel? Students at Cal Poly, SLO went to the rec center to measure the bending force a driver could exert on the steering wheel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590426949659-3GSHCUOI3AQS2MJHDZR2/IMG_4237.jpeg Articles - Four Ways To Use Data Pictured are Donovan Zusalim, driver controls lead, and Tommy Bordeaux, business lead and driver, 2018. Photo credits Camden Boshart. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590425081685-FUVGD66W9W7VB2R9AD6W/pasted+image+0.png Articles - Four Ways To Use Data Measured steer angle through a short section of track was used as the input to this bicycle model, then yaw rate and lateral acceleration were compared with vehicle results. The comparison shows that this model is only valid in the linear range of the tire -- the model over-predicts yaw rate and lat acc for large tire slip angles. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590427296439-XXKZBG3DTH01A5L1VV7L/pasted+image+0+%281%29.png Articles - Four Ways To Use Data Characterize the Issue: Understeer gradient is clearly different between right and left skidpad tests. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590426467143-TF6GXG0BL7BDXCETX1ZA/pasted+image+0+%282%29.png Articles - Four Ways To Use Data Investigate Potential Causes: Bump steer is clearly outside of specification on the front left wheel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590426488193-2DHWY4N98L0QBSR1A4E9/pasted+image+0+%283%29.png Articles - Four Ways To Use Data Further measurements found crooked steering rack mounting to be the root cause. https://www.designjudges.com/articles/tractive-force-diagrams monthly 0.5 2026-01-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1589900476777-8C8JWXUTHQP3JHW9K7XW/Power+Vs+TQ+At+Wheels.png Articles - Tractive Force Graphs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590344430741-517HIZPNTBN8EP5VCUHE/Constant+Curves.png Articles - Tractive Force Graphs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590344598061-PPC8T2CM3Z9POVRIBJYE/Constant+Power+vs+Torque.png Articles - Tractive Force Graphs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1589905764930-V2QTPOZR9H4TW5HRQSQZ/Rear+Traction+Factors.png Articles - Tractive Force Graphs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590344733791-JGL9YRKOEAT0VEO6X9VY/Tractive+Force.png Articles - Tractive Force Graphs https://www.designjudges.com/articles/critical-specifications-for-balance monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/c3b7810b-3c56-4b51-9fe4-fe70eafc0cc7/Antiroll_Bar2.svg.png Articles - Critical Specifications For Balance - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590164129065-HYF9G4WUXZ8AB0NU9YIO/CoP+Equals+CoM.png Articles - Critical Specifications For Balance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590164636408-09WXZZOSJGF5SBO7X55E/CoP+Greater+Than+CoM.png Articles - Critical Specifications For Balance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea5d1c04fd1865ecf4f0203/1590165884193-1D2R44Z4XSV225MBIXAZ/Drag+CoP+CoM+Downforce.png Articles - Critical Specifications For Balance https://www.designjudges.com/articles/hot-braking-topics monthly 0.5 2025-03-01 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